The Unknown Gunmen and Insecurity in South East Nigeria, 2020-2023: Implications for Regional Stability and Development

Abstract

This study examines the activities of unknown gunmen in South East Nigeria from 2020 to 2023, amidst a backdrop of escalating insecurity and socio-political turbulence in the region. The emergence of these gunmen has posed significant challenges to governance, security, and community stability, necessitating a deeper understanding of their root causes and impacts. The primary problem addressed is the persistent violence and instability caused by these groups, exacerbated by historical grievances, economic disparities, weak institutional frameworks, and political tensions. The study aims to analyze the root causes of the gunmen's activities, and to evaluate government and law enforcement responses. Methodologically, the study employs a qualitative approach, drawing on extensive literature review, analysis of historical context, and examination of empirical data and media reports. The research findings highlight the interconnected factors driving the phenomenon, including socio-economic marginalization, ethnic nationalism, institutional failures, and external influences. The study underscores the urgency of integrated security, governance, and socio-economic interventions to foster sustainable peace and development in South East Nigeria.