LOGISTICAL INADEQUACIES, INSTITUTIONAL FRAILITIES AND ELECTORAL DEFICIENCIES: THE IMPERATIVE FOR ELECTORAL REFORMS AND UNBUNDLING OF INEC

Abstract

The electoral landscape in Nigeria has been characterized by persistent challenges, significantly impacting the credibility and effectiveness of the electoral process. This paper examines the interplay of logistical inadequacies, institutional frailties, and electoral deficiencies, arguing for the imperative restructuring of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to enhance electoral integrity. The research is guided by the following questions: What logistical challenges does INEC face in conducting credible elections? How do institutional weaknesses contribute to electoral deficiencies? What reforms are necessary for the unbundling of INEC to improve its efficiency and autonomy? The primary objectives of this research include identifying the key logistical challenges that hinder INEC’s performance, assessing the institutional weaknesses within INEC, and proposing an effective framework for the unbundling of the commission to optimize its operations. By employing qualitative research methods, the study utilizes interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, collecting insights from electoral officials, political analysts, and civil society organizations. This methodology allows for a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced and potential avenues for reform. The theoretical framework of this study is grounded in the Resource Dependency Theory, which emphasizes the necessity of adequate resources and systems for organizations to function effectively. This perspective aids in the analysis of how logistical and institutional deficiencies undermine INEC's capacity to manage elections and suggests that restructuring could facilitate better allocation and utilization of resources. The findings reveal a complex web of logistical challenges, including inadequate transportation and communication infrastructure, insufficient training of electoral personnel, and lack of technological integration. These logistical issues intertwine with the institutional frailties of INEC, such as limited autonomy, political interference, and inadequate funding, resulting in systemic electoral deficiencies that erode public trust. In conclusion, the paper underscores the urgent need for the unbundling of INEC to create specialized bodies responsible for various electoral functions, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and accountability. Recommendations include investing in infrastructural improvements, establishing independent electoral offices, and fostering partnerships with civil society to promote transparency. By implementing these reforms, Nigeria can advance its electoral integrity, restore public confidence, and strengthen democratic governance.