The Impact of Election Observation on Electoral Reform in Nigeria- 1999 -2023

Abstract

This paper delves into election observation and electoral reform in Nigeria from the democratic transition in 1999 to the present day. It analyzes the challenges faced by election observers and the subsequent electoral reforms that have been instituted to ensure fair and credible elections. The paper also examines the impact of these reforms on Nigeria's democratic process, highlighting the progress made, the ongoing challenges, and the opportunities for further improvement. Extensive references to academic research, and case studies support the analysis that Nigeria has had a tumultuous history in respect to elections, which are often marked by irregularities, violence, and lack of public confidence in the electoral process. The transition to democracy in 1999 marked a turning point, providing an opportunity for electoral reforms and the introduction of election observation missions. This paper aims to critically explore the evolution of election observation and reforms from 1999 to 2023, analyzing the progress made and the challenges that persist. The paper will adopt the qualitative research methodology and institutional theory was used as a theoretical framework. Thereafter, a conclusion was drawn and recommendations proffered.