A DISCOURSE ON THE HISTORY, ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS OF ECOWAS

Abstract

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was established in 1975 with the primary objective of promoting economic integration and cooperation among its 15 member states. This discourse explores the historical evolution, significant achievements, and enduring challenges faced by ECOWAS in its quest to foster regional development and stability. The history of ECOWAS is traced from its inception during a period of post-colonial optimism, where regional integration was viewed as a pathway to economic independence and collective self-reliance. Over the decades, ECOWAS has made considerable strides in various sectors, including the establishment of a customs union, the introduction of the ECOWAS passport, and the creation of regional peacekeeping forces such as ECOMOG, which have played crucial roles in conflict resolution and peacebuilding in the region. However, ECOWAS has also encountered significant challenges. These include political instability within member states, economic disparities, and the slow pace of implementing key integration protocols. Additionally, issues such as cross-border security threats, including terrorism and organized crime, have further complicated the regional body's efforts to achieve its goals. This paper will employ a qualitative research approach, relying on a review of existing literature, including academic articles, books, and reports from international organizations. The paper will also draw on data from various sources, including the treaty of Lagos, research papers, interview with policy makers, library and archival materials, national and regional government sources etc. This discourse provides a critical examination of how ECOWAS has navigated these challenges and highlights the need for stronger political will, enhanced economic cooperation, and innovative approaches to address the socio-political and economic problems that continue to impede its progress. Through a comprehensive analysis, the paper underscores the importance of regional unity and collective action in overcoming the hurdles facing ECOWAS as it aspires to be a model of regional integration in Africa.