THE IMPACT OF SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS ON CROSS-BORDER TRADE AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION WITHIN ECOWAS

Abstract

Separatist movements within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) pose significant challenges to regional stability, cross-border trade, and economic integration. Driven by ethnic, cultural, and political grievances, these movements disrupt trade networks, hinder cooperation among member states, and threaten ECOWAS's vision of economic unification. This study seeks to explore the root causes of separatist movements, analyze their impact on cross-border trade, and evaluate their implications for regional economic integration. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study employs secondary data policy analysis, to understand the dynamics of separatist movements in ECOWAS member states. Guided by integration and conflict theory, the research provides a nuanced framework for assessing the interplay between political fragmentation and economic collaboration. Findings reveal that separatist movements destabilize regional economies by obstructing trade routes, reducing investor confidence, and fostering tensions among member states. ECOWAS’s responses, while commendable in some instances, often fall short of addressing the underlying socio-political grievances fueling these movements. The study underscores the critical need for ECOWAS to adopt proactive and inclusive conflict resolution mechanisms that balance political stability with economic priorities. It recommends strengthening regional governance structures, fostering inclusive dialogue, and implementing policies that promote equitable development across member states. By addressing these challenges holistically, ECOWAS can enhance cross-border trade, deepen economic integration, and achieve sustainable peace in the region.