Urbanization and Unemployment in Anambra State, Nigeria: Issues and Challenges

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between urbanization and unemployment in Anambra State, Nigeria, with a focus on the challenges arising from rapid urban growth. Urbanization in key cities such as Onitsha, Awka, and Nnewi has outpaced job creation, leading to increased unemployment, skill mismatches, and infrastructural deficiencies. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative data from structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with policymakers, urban planners, and business owners. The population for this study consists of urban residents in three major cities of Anambra State: Awka, Onitsha, and Nnewi. A sample size of 400 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, ensuring representativeness across the urban population. Primary data collection targeted unemployed individuals, residents, and stakeholders, while secondary data from government reports and statistical agencies provided additional context. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Findings highlight that inadequate infrastructure and skill mismatches significantly contribute to unemployment rates in urban areas. The study also identifies gaps in vocational training and urban planning as critical challenges. Based on these insights, recommendations include infrastructure investment, skill development programmes, and policy reforms to mitigate unemployment and promote sustainable economic development. These findings provide actionable strategies for addressing urban unemployment challenges in Anambra State.