FROM COLONIALISM TO IDENTITY POLITICS: NIGERIA’S HISTORICAL TRAJECTORY

Abstract

This study examines the impact of colonial policies on Nigeria's ethnic and regional dynamics by analysing historical and contemporary sources. It discusses how arbitrary boundary demarcations, exploitative resource extraction, and divisive administrative techniques have significantly influenced the country. Colonialism has created a situation in Nigeria where different ethnic groups are divided and unfairly competing with one another, leading to increased tensions and the rise of identity-based politics. Qualitatively driven, this study made extensive use of secondary materials, observing amongst other issues, that the unequal allocation of resources and opportunities across various areas and ethnic groups has prolonged sentiments of being excluded and treated unfairly, leading political figures to organise based on ethnic affiliations to gain electoral benefits. The research is of the view that, although Nigeria's colonial history is a significant aspect in comprehending its identity politics, other factors such as strong external interests and manipulations, post-independence governance and economic inequality also play vital roles in the intricacies of the nation's identity dynamics. The study continues by highlighting the significance of redressing past injustices, advocating for inclusive governance, revoking the neo-colonial yoke, undertaking a complimentary dialogue of culture towards cultivating national unity as crucial measures to reduce the influence of identity politics and establish a more unified national identity in Nigeria.