MIGRATION, SOCIAL UNREST, AND NIGERIA’S STATEHOOD CRISIS: THE SELF-DETERMINATION MOVEMENT

Abstract

Nigeria's statehood has been increasingly challenged by migration-induced conflicts and self-determination movements. The influx of both internal and external migrants has intensified socio-political tensions, heightened competition for resources, and contributed to ethnic conflicts. At the same time, separatist agitations by groups such as the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) and the Yoruba Nation movement pose significant threats to the country’s territorial integrity. This study investigates the relationship between migration, conflict, and self-determination struggles in Nigeria, aiming to understand how migration patterns exacerbate instability. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study draws on documentary analysis and historical narratives to examine the causes and consequences of migration-related tensions. The theoretical framework is anchored in the theory of relative deprivation, which explains how perceived economic and political marginalization fuels grievances that lead to conflict and secessionist demands. The findings reveal that weak governance structures, economic disparities, and inadequate migration policies have exacerbated conflicts, reinforcing calls for self-determination. The study highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to migration management, conflict resolution, and inclusive governance. It concludes that without addressing these structural issues, Nigeria will continue to face challenges to its unity and stability. To mitigate these risks, the study recommends the implementation of equitable resource distribution policies, improved governance frameworks, and inclusive national dialogue to address grievances. Strengthening migration policies and fostering inter-ethnic cohesion are also essential steps toward sustaining Nigeria’s territorial integrity and social harmony.