UNDERSTANDING AND APPRECIATING THE MOST SUITABLE ELECTORAL SYSTEM FOR A PLURALISTIC COUNTRY LIKE NIGERIA

Abstract

This paper investigates the suitability of the First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) electoral system for Nigeria, a country characterized by its ethnic, cultural, and political pluralism. The research is driven by critical questions: Is the FPTP electoral system conducive to representing Nigeria's diverse populace? What are the implications of adopting FPTP on political stability and minority representation in a pluralistic society? Through these inquiries, the study seeks to explore the compatibility of FPTP with Nigeria's unique socio-political landscape. The primary objectives include assessing the effectiveness of the FPTP system in promoting democratic governance in Nigeria, evaluating its impact on representation for minority groups, and determining whether alternative electoral systems could better serve the nation’s diverse interests. By employing qualitative research methodology, the study utilizes in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary analysis to gather insights from political analysts, civil society organizations, and citizens from various ethnic backgrounds. This qualitative approach allows for a nuanced exploration of perceptions, experiences, and suggestions regarding the electoral system. The theoretical framework for this research draws from the principles of democratic representation and the concept of proportionality in electoral systems. It highlights the importance of aligning electoral processes with the values of inclusivity and equal representation, especially in a country like Nigeria where historical grievances and ethnic tensions persist. This framework facilitates understanding how different electoral systems can either bridge or deepen the divide within a diverse society. Findings from the study indicate that while the FPTP system is straightforward, it may not adequately represent Nigeria's intricate plurality. The prevalence of winner-takes-all outcomes often marginalizes minority voices, leading to political disenfranchisement and unrest, resulting in a lack of confidence in the electoral process. The research emphasizes that an electoral system which favors majoritarian representation can perpetuate existing inequalities and inhibit the formation of inclusive governance structures. The paper recommends a thorough reconsideration of Nigeria's electoral framework. Specifically, it suggests the adoption of a mixed electoral system that combines elements of proportional representation with FPTP to enhance inclusivity and better reflect the diverse interests within the polity. By implementing reforms that prioritize equitable representation and accountability, Nigeria can create a more stable political environment that fosters unity among its diverse populations. This study ultimately contributes to the broader discourse on electoral systems and their impact on democracy in pluralistic societies.