RESOLVING MARITIME CONFLICTS: LESSONS FROM THE NIGERIA-CAMEROON BAKASSI PENINSULA DISPUTE

Abstract

The maritime conflict between Nigeria and Cameroon over the Bakassi Peninsula represents a significant case study in international territorial disputes. Historically, the Bakassi Peninsula, rich in oil and fishery resources, has been a point of contention, culminating in a prolonged legal and diplomatic struggle adjudicated by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2002. The ruling favored Cameroon, leading to the eventual transfer of sovereignty in 2008. This study addresses the problem of persistent maritime disputes in Africa and the challenges in implementing international legal decisions. The objectives are to analyze the root causes of the conflict, evaluate the legal and diplomatic resolution processes, and extract lessons for future conflict resolution and trans-boundary water cooperation. Using a qualitative methodology, this research examines historical documents, legal texts, and interviews with key stakeholders involved in the dispute. The research findings reveal that effective conflict resolution requires a combination of legal adjudication, diplomatic negotiation, and robust mechanisms for post-conflict cooperation. The Bakassi case underscores the importance of international law and regional cooperation in managing maritime disputes and promoting peace and stability in Africa.