BIAFRAN SECESSION AND THE NIGERIAN CIVIL WAR: LESSONS FOR ECOWAS IN MANAGING SEPARATIST CRISES

Abstract

The Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), ignited by the secessionist declaration of Biafra, stands as a pivotal moment in African post-colonial history, reflecting the complex dynamics of ethnic tensions, state sovereignty, and regional stability. This paper examines the historical and socio-political roots of the Biafran secession and explores the lessons it holds for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in managing contemporary separatist crises. Employing a qualitative research approach rooted in secondary data analysis, the study draws upon conflict management literature and applies the theory of Post-Colonial State which highlights the enduring impact of colonial legacies on governance, ethnic tensions, and institutional weaknesses in newly independent states. Findings suggest that the Biafran conflict underscores the importance of inclusive governance, socio-economic equity, and effective regional mediation in preventing and resolving separatist conflicts. For ECOWAS, these insights offer valuable lessons on proactive crisis management, conflict prevention, and the integration of marginalized communities to foster regional peace and security.