GLOBAL CHALLENGES TO STATEHOOD: THE GROWING INFLUENCE OF NON-STATE ACTORS

Abstract

The concept of statehood, traditionally defined by sovereignty, territorial integrity, and centralized authority, is increasingly being challenged by the growing influence of non-state actors (NSAs). Multinational corporations, international organizations, terrorist networks, and civil society groups now wield significant power, shaping economic policies, security frameworks, and governance structures. This study examines how NSAs influence global governance and erode traditional state sovereignty. The research employs a qualitative approach, drawing from case studies and secondary data to analyze the role of NSAs in international affairs. The study is anchored in the Theory of Global Governance, which explains how power is diffused among various actors beyond the state. Findings reveal that while NSAs can undermine state authority, they also contribute to policy innovation and global cooperation. For instance, international organizations foster multilateral solutions, while civil society organizations enhance accountability and transparency. However, challenges such as regulatory gaps and security threats persist. This study is significant as it provides insights into the evolving nature of global power dynamics, emphasizing the need for adaptive governance. The conclusion underscores that while states remain key actors, they must embrace collaborative mechanisms to address global challenges effectively. It is recommended that governments strengthen partnerships with NSAs, establish clear regulatory frameworks, and enhance diplomatic engagement to maintain relevance in an increasingly complex international system.