ETHNIC TENSIONS AND DEMANDS FOR AUTONOMY IN GUINEA-BISSAU: CHALLENGES FOR ECOWAS UNITY

Abstract

Guinea-Bissau, a small nation in West Africa, has long grappled with deep-rooted ethnic tensions and persistent demands for autonomy, which undermine its stability and threaten the broader unity of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). These challenges stem from a complex interplay of historical, socio-political, and economic factors that have fueled marginalization and grievances among various ethnic groups. This study aims to investigate the root causes of these tensions and evaluate their impact on ECOWAS’s regional integration efforts. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, the study relies on secondary data to assess governance dynamics, the role of local elites, and the effectiveness of ECOWAS interventions. Guided by conflict resolution and integration theories, the study emphasizes the importance of inclusive governance and equitable resource allocation in mitigating ethnic strife. Findings reveal that a lack of effective leadership, weak institutional frameworks, and inadequate conflict management strategies have exacerbated ethnic divisions, creating significant barriers to national unity and regional cohesion. ECOWAS’s interventions, while commendable, often lack the necessary depth to address underlying grievances sustainably. The study concludes that resolving ethnic tensions and fostering unity in Guinea-Bissau requires a holistic approach that prioritizes inclusive dialogue, institutional reform, and economic empowerment. It recommends that ECOWAS adopt tailored, culturally sensitive conflict resolution mechanisms and strengthen its support for grassroots reconciliation initiatives. By addressing these challenges, Guinea-Bissau can become a cornerstone for stability and integration in West Africa.