INTERFAITH DIALOGUE IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Abstract

Interfaith dialogue has evolved from informal religious exchanges in ancient civilizations to structured initiatives aimed at fostering religious tolerance and peace in the modern world. This paper explores the historical and contemporary perspectives of interfaith dialogue, analyzing key global initiatives such as the Parliament of the World's Religions, KAICIID, and the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC). Using case studies from Nigeria, Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Balkans, the study examines successful interfaith engagements and their impact on social cohesion and conflict resolution. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing documentary analysis and case study approaches to explore historical records, scholarly articles, and official reports on interfaith dialogue. The documentary analysis method provides a systematic review of secondary sources, while the case study method allows for an in-depth investigation of interfaith initiatives in different geopolitical contexts. A thematic analysis framework is applied to categorize key challenges and opportunities in interfaith dialogue, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics. The theoretical framework of this study is anchored in Pluralism Theory, Religious Tolerance Theory, and Dialogue Theory. Pluralism Theory, as proposed by John Hick, suggests that different religious traditions represent diverse cultural responses to a shared transcendent reality, emphasizing mutual respect and coexistence. Religious Tolerance Theory explores the ethical and sociopolitical dimensions of interfaith relations, advocating for inclusive policies that protect religious freedom. Dialogue Theory, influenced by Hans-Georg Gadamer and David Bohm, highlights the transformative power of interfaith engagement, emphasizing active listening and the "fusion of horizons" between religious traditions. Findings suggest that sustained interfaith dialogue contributes to religious tolerance, policy-making, and conflict prevention. However, challenges such as political interference, theological differences, and fundamentalist resistance persist. The paper concludes that interfaith dialogue remains an essential tool for global peacebuilding, requiring continued investment and adaptation in a rapidly globalizing world