Individual Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents At Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Vaccine hesitancy has become a global public health concern, impacting vaccination coverage and potentially resurgent disease outbreaks. Understanding the roots of this hesitancy, especially among parents, is crucial for targeted interventions. This study explored individual determinants of vaccine hesitancy among parents in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria.

Methods: A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys among a representative sample of parents in the Sokoto metropolis. Factors explored included past vaccination experiences, interpersonal dynamics with healthcare workers and government officials, and the perceived risk-benefit analysis of vaccinations.

Results: Three core themes emerged: 1. Previous negative vaccination experiences were a prominent reason for hesitancy. Parents with such histories were more likely to refuse vaccines for their children; 2. Interactions between parents and vaccination providers were crucial. Misunderstandings or perceived threats from healthcare or government officials led to increased hesitancy. Conversely, positive interpersonal relationships promoted vaccine acceptance; 3. Parents' internal risk-benefit assessment played a decisive role. Those who perceived higher risks than benefits were more hesitant, even in the face of established scientific evidence supporting vaccination.

Conclusion: Vaccine hesitancy among parents in Sokoto is influenced by a complex interplay of personal experiences, interpersonal relationships, and risk-benefit perceptions. Addressing this requires multifaceted strategies that are both empathetic to parental concerns and rooted in evidence-based practices.

Keywords: Vaccine hesitancy, Sokoto metropolis, interpersonal dynamics, risk-benefit assessment, parental perceptions.